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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES@#Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice.MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH 2 O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected.Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. @*RESULTS@#The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. @*CONCLUSIONS@#This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.
ABSTRACT
To find out the pattern of acid base abnormalities in critically ill patients in a tertiary care health Sacility. A descriptive study. The study was carried out in the department of pathology, Combined Military Hospital Kharian from January 2013 to June 2013. Two hundred and fifty patients suffering from various diseases and presenting with exacerbation of their clinical conditions were studied. These patients were hospitalized and managed in acute care units of the hospital. Arterial blood gases were analysed to detect acid base status and their correlation with their clinical condition. Concomitant analysis of electrolytes was carried out. Tests related to concurrent illnesses e.g. renal and liver function tests, cardiac enzymes and plasma glucose were assayed by routine end point and kinetic methods. Standard reference materials were used to ensure internal quantify control of analyses. Two hundred and fifteen patients out of 250 studied suffered from acid base disorders. Gender distribution showed a higher percentage of male patients and the mean age was 70.5 +/- 17.4 years. Double acid base disorders were the commonest disorders [34%] followed by metabolic acidosis [30%]. Anion gap was calculated to further stratify metabolic acidosis and cases of diabetic ketoacidosis were the commonest in this category [47%]. Other simpie acid base disorders were relatively less frequent. Delta bicarbonate was calculated to unmask the superimposition of respiratory alkalosis or acidosis with metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis. Though triple acid base disorders were noted in a small percentage of cases [05%], but n7ere found to be the most complicated and challenging. Mixed acid base disorders were associated with high mortality. A large number of critically ill patients manifested acid base abnormalities over the full spectrum of these disorders. Mixed acid base disorders were commonest and were bad prognostic indicators, most often associated with high mortality. This warrants a high index of suspicion, a thorough clinical assessment of patient and a structured approach to analyze the relevant laboratory data in the given clinical setting. Only with prompt detection of an acid base disorder, clinician can formulate an appropriate management strategy for the patient
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Critical Illness , Tertiary Care Centers , Acid-Base EquilibriumABSTRACT
To determine the cases of swine flu in a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi. Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. This study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from December 2010 to February 2011. The probable cases having a temperature more than 100°F or 37.8°C with cough or sore throat in the absence of a known cause other than influenza were referred by the consultant physicians to the clinical laboratory of this hospital for testing H1N1 by real time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] on throat swabs. The throat swab samples were collected under the supervision of a consultant pathologist, the samples were immediately immersed in viral transport medium and RT- PCR was carried out at National Institute of Health Islamabad. During the study period a total of 89 cases were sampled, out of these 49 [55%] were males and 40 [45%] females. The age range was from 6 days to 73 years, representing an extremely skewed age distribution defying a reasonable summary measure. A total of 33 cases [37%] were positive. Three deaths of the positive cases with mortality of 9.09% was seen. Swine flu has emerged as a new challenge to the whole world and an RT-PCR based positive rate of 37% marks the need for considering it in the differential diagnosis of influenza like illness
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To determine the frequency of G6PD deficiency in asymptomatic Pakistan population. Cross sectional study. This was carried out at Pakistan Air Force [PAF] Hospital at PAF Base Masroor Karachi between June 2004 - September 2007. Healthy young males and females between the ages of 13 to 28 years were tested for G6PD deficiency. None of the individuals had the findings of chronic hemolytic anemia. Their test was carried out on Trinity Biotech visual, qualitative, colorimetric procedure for determining G6PD deficiency using dichlorophenol indophenols as an indicator. During the study period 888 individuals, 804 males and 84 females were tested for G6PD deficiency. Forty [4.5%] individual had G6PD deficiency. All were otherwise healthy with normal general physical examination, complete blood count, blood glucose level, liver function tests, renal function tests, lipid profile, urine analysis, electrocardiogram and X- Ray chest .Out of 804 males 40[5.0%] had G6PD deficiency. None of the 84 females had the enzyme deficiency. G6PD deficiency is observed to be 4.5%. Our findings are in conformity with W.H.O data for geographic distribution of G6PD deficiency in Pakistan .It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemolytic anemia, especially following drug administration
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnosis, Differential , Anemia, HemolyticABSTRACT
To evaluate clinical presentations and histological type of ovarian tumours. Design: Retrospective analysis. Settings: Gynaecology and histopathology departments of CMH Kharian. Subjects: All the cases whose ovarian tumours were removed and were subjected to histopathology, during the study period. Ninety seven benign and 13 malignant tumours were seen. The age range was 8-80 years but majority of the patients [60%] were between 25-44 years. Most of the patients [89%] were multipara and bleeding P/V was the predominant symptom [79%], followed by pain abdomen [77%], pelvic mass [73%] and vague gastrointestinal symptoms [35%]. The majority of the tumours were unilateral [99] and maximum size was 30 cm in diameter. Purely cystic tumours were most common [78%], whereas 17% were semisolid and 5% solid. On histology majority of the benign tumours were dysfunctional cysts type and malignant were serous cystadenocarcinoma. Benign cysts were mostly dysfunctional cysts so promotion of conservative treatment is recommended. Nulliparity is not associated factor in our cases and late reporting in advanced stages of disease is common